The Art of War — Classroom Edition
How does this ancient wisdom apply to education?
The Art of War is one of those exceptional books from which I gain new insights with each reading. It is like experiencing the same world through a new pair of eyes, while still under the impression of the previous ones. The universal application of its well-known sayings is astounding. They surely do work exceptionally well on the battlefield, but also in the workplace, the classroom, and any scenario where conflict arises. This includes both interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships: the dynamics between the boss and employees, the teacher and students, as well as each individual’s struggle with their own “inner demons”.
Here, I present my interpretations of personally selected quotes from the great Sun Tzu, with a focus on classroom dynamics. It is the environment I have become most familiar with over the years.
It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.
(Chapter II, Waging War)
Hardships and challenges are inevitable in the learning process. Teachers aware of potential obstacles can predict them and apply methods to conquer them, which are a holy grail to all. Classroom efficiency is significantly boosted with such a mentor. As always, empathy and understanding come into play. Those players are our gateway to effective communication and support through the “war” of handling new concepts.
Opportunities multiply as they are seized.
(Chapter V, Energy)
Break the ice, take the initiative, spark discussions, accept challenges, reach out, and give everything a try. Before you know it, the proactive behavior you have been engaging in sets off a chain reaction, both in yourself and those around you. It is a mighty mindset that drives progress and pushes us forward, as many have come to realize over time:
Opportunities are created, not discovered.
Water shapes its course according to the nature of the ground over which it flows; the soldier works out his victory in relation to the foe whom he is facing. Therefore, just as water retains no constant shape, so in warfare there are no constant conditions.
(Chapter VI, Weak Points and Strong)
Another essential component in education is surely flexibility. Easier said than done, though? We all find comfort in applying the one method that worked exceptionally well that one time.
If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.
Well, no two students are the same. No two classes have the same vibe, either. Think experimenting with new methods, adapting to the individual needs of students, trying out various techniques, and coming up with new approaches to the same ideas. Our classrooms must preserve a creative spirit and embrace out-of-the-box thinking.
Gongs and drums, banners and flags, are means whereby the ears and eyes of the host may be focused on one particular point.
(Chapter VII, Maneuvering)
It has become harder than ever to capture students’ attention. Doing so can be viewed as an art form, oftentimes involving the use of gongs, drums, banners, and flags… Dodging monotony-traps is a skill of its own, and an essential one for a quality classroom ambient.
When you surround an army, leave an outlet free.
(Chapter VII, Maneuvering)
The key idea being “preventing desperate resistance”. Being presented with materials that are way too hard to grasp yields the effect of instant surrender. Do not be surprised if most of your “student fighters” give up immediately, without even entering the battle. However, given some easier tasks that are not so daunting, the ones doable with the current knowledge and capabilities, the students are more likely to persevere (even to the end). So, having alternative options can make challenges more manageable.
Do not press a desperate foe too hard.
(Chapter VII, Maneuvering)
As you might have noticed, I am particularly fond of chapter seven. :)
Here, we are “maneuvering” the burnout that is bound to happen somewhere along the way. Competent teachers must recognize this occurrence, offer students a break, or adjust expectations during difficult times. We do not want to overwhelm students already facing hardships, such as personal illness or social struggles.
Too frequent rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of his resources; too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress.
(Chapter IX, The Army on the March)
We all have encountered teachers who are too strict, or those who lack the needed authority. The first one may signal their own sense of distress. The latter appear to lack control and influence over their students. Rewards are given as a tool to gain compliance, maintain order and avoid conflict.
If soldiers are punished before they have grown attached to you, they will not prove submissive; and, unless submissive, they will be practically useless. If, when the soldiers have become attached to you, punishments are not enforced, they will still be useless.
(Chapter IX, The Army on the March)
Students should look up to their teachers. Strong relationships should be built of trust and respect before enforcing strict rules or punishments. Enforcing discipline too early might result in students growing resentful and defiant. It is only logical, since they have not yet had the chance to account for the authority imposed on them. Once a relationship has been formed, the lack of discipline can lead to nothing more and nothing less than classroom chaos.
If a general shows confidence in his men but always insists on his orders being obeyed, the gain will be mutual.
(Chapter IX, The Army on the March)
After the task has been given to us, how hard we work is largely determined by whether we view ourselves as capable and valued. Overall, confidence and accountability can create a more effective and collaborative classroom atmosphere. Mutual respect is essential.
Being presented with works such as The Art of War is a treasure that reveals its true worth the moment it is applied. Perhaps we were not always keen to notice — we are shaped by the giants who came before us, who implemented the same principles passed down through generations. It all connects back to ancient wisdom, the written word, traditions, and legacies.
I highly recommend revisiting Sun Tzu’s piece, even if you have read it before. After all, it is a brand new pair of eyes to be acquired.
